Wastewater can be divided into two major groups: sanitary wastewater and industrial wastewater. The goal of wastewater treatment processes is to improve the physical, chemical, and microbial parameters in wastewater to the levels specified in the standards in order to prepare it for entry into the environment (discharge to surface waters, discharge to absorption wells, or use for irrigation). Also, in some cases, the goal is to continue wastewater treatment processes to the extent that they ultimately prepare the water for reuse.
Wastewater treatment involves performing numerous physical, microbial, and chemical steps, some of which, including coagulation, flocculation, and disinfection processes, use chemicals. Some of these chemicals are substances with simple, defined chemical formulas, and others are formulated substances with specific, enhanced capabilities.Also, sludge from wastewater treatment processes enters another set of processes, some of which, including sludge thickening and dewatering, use chemicals.
Mehrtash Sepahan Company provides some of the most widely used chemicals for wastewater treatment and sludge dewatering.
Wastewater treatment is the process of converting unusable wastewater into water that can be returned to nature. This wastewater is the result of activities such as bathing, showering, rainwater, and similar things. This wastewater is full of bacteria, chemicals, and other toxic substances. The goal of this process is to reduce pollutants to an acceptable level for discharge and directing to the environment.
In general, there are 2 types of wastewater treatment facilities, including chemical or physical or biological wastewater treatment facilities.Biological wastewater treatment plants use biological agents and bacteria to break down the substances in wastewater. But physical wastewater treatment plants use chemical interactions and physical processes for this purpose. But the biological method is more suitable for treating wastewater from homes and offices. The physical method is intended for industries, factories and manufacturing companies. This is because most of the wastewater from industries contains chemicals and other toxic substances that greatly harm the environment.
Step-by-step process of wastewater treatment
Wastewater collection
The first step in the wastewater treatment process is. Collection and collection systems are placed in specific locations by municipal and local authorities, homeowners or business owners to ensure that wastewater is properly collected and reaches a central point.This water is then directed to the treatment plant, which uses underground sewage systems. The transfer of sewage must be done in any way, observing sanitary principles. Pipes and channels must be leak-proof and technicians involved in this process must wear protective and hygienic uniforms.
Odor Control
In treatment plants, odor control is very crucial. Wastewater contains contaminants that cause it to produce a bad odor over time. To ensure that the surrounding environment is free of bad odors, odor control processes must be considered. All sources of odor must be eliminated by chemicals to neutralize the odor-causing substances. This is the first process of wastewater treatment and is of great importance.
Screening
This step is the next step in this treatment process. Filtration involves the removal of large particles such as broken glass, bottle caps, etc.and will cause damage to the equipment in any case. Any error in this part will result in common problems in the machinery. Specially designed equipment is used to get rid of these materials that flow into the system along with rainwater. The solid waste separated from the sewage is then transported to the designated lands as disposal
Primary Treatment
This stage involves the separation of macrobiotic solids from the wastewater. Primary treatment is carried out by pouring the wastewater into large tanks to allow the solids to settle on the surface of the tanks. The sludge, which is created in this stage, is moved by a large scraper and transferred to cylindrical tanks, and then pumped out of the tank for reuse. The remaining water is then transferred to the secondary treatment.
Secondary Treatment
Known as the activated sludge process, the secondary treatment stage involves the addition of a sludge of microorganisms to ensure that it is more breakable. Initially, air is pumped into large aeration tanks and mixed with the wastewater by the microorganisms, which oxygenate the bacteria. This process results in the production of large particles that settle to the bottom of the large tanks.The wastewater passes through large tanks for 3 to 6 hours.
How to control biosolids
The solids that have settled after the first and second treatment stages are then sent to the digesters. The digestate is then heated to room temperature. The solid waste is then treated for 1 month where it undergoes anaerobic digestion. During this process, methane gas is produced and enriched biosolids are also recycled to local companies. The methane gas produced is usually used as an energy source in the treatment plant. This is used to generate electricity in engines or simply to run the plant equipment. This gas is intended for use in boilers to generate heat in the digesters.
Tertiary treatment
This stage is similar to the stage used in drinking water treatment plants.In this stage, the primary water is purified for drinking purposes. The third stage of purification is capable of removing 99% of the impurities in the effluent. This stage produces effluent that is close to drinking water quality. Unfortunately, this process is somewhat expensive because it requires special equipment, highly skilled personnel, chemicals and a stable energy supply. All of these are often not available at the same time.
Disinfection
After the first and second purification, some diseases and microbes still remain in the wastewater. To eliminate them, the wastewater must be disinfected for at least 25 minutes in tanks containing a combination of chlorine and sodium hypochlorite. This disinfection process is an integral part of the purification process because it protects the health of humans and animals that come into contact with this water.Sludge Treatment
The sludge produced and collected during the first and second processes needs to be thickened to be ready for further and further processes. The material is sent to thickening tanks where it settles and is then separated from the water. This process can take up to 24 hours. The remaining water is collected and sent back to the large aeration tanks for further treatment. The sludge is then treated and returned to the environment and agricultural purposes
Conclusion
In short, wastewater treatment has many benefits – for example, it keeps the environment clean, eliminates water pollution, makes the best use of natural resources, and prevents the spread of water-borne diseases.
The wastewater treatment process is one of the most important environmental protection processes that should be supported worldwide. Many wastewater treatment plants treat wastewater from homes or offices. Industrial facilities, refineries, and manufacturing facilities operate on-site treatment plants. These plants are designed to ensure that wastewater is treated before it reaches the environment. Some of this water is used to cool machinery. Of course, the greatest care is taken in industry to ensure that no excess water is lost.Dumping water into rivers, lakes, and oceans is illegal and should be avoided.
Mehrtash Sepahan Company is also active in this industry and has produced and supplied wastewater treatment chemicals to many reputable industries in the country
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